The research engine
Every authority, with its citation attached.
A legal research tool that cannot show you where its answer came from is not a research tool. It is a guess with good posture.
General legal information, not advice about your situation. Inference Legal is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. Our products are not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Retrieving an authority is not a representation that it governs your case, that it is still good law, or that it helps you.
The problem we designed around
Large language models produce citations that do not exist. They are fluent, plausible, correctly formatted, and entirely invented. This is not a rare failure — it is a well-documented property of the technology, and it has already reached the courts.
In Mata v. Avianca, the Southern District of New York imposed Rule 11 sanctions on lawyers who submitted a brief containing non-existent judicial opinions produced by ChatGPT, complete with fabricated quotations and fabricated internal citations.[1] That case is now the standard cautionary tale, and it involved trained lawyers.
Self-represented litigants are more exposed, not less. They are less likely to recognize a fabricated citation on sight, and less likely to have anyone check the filing before it goes in. Any honest account of AI in the hands of a pro se filer has to start here.
A pleading must be signed. By signing, an unrepresented party certifies to the court that the legal contentions are warranted by existing law and that the factual contentions have evidentiary support. Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(a)–(b) (paraphrased)[2]
That certification is made by you, personally. It cannot be delegated to a vendor. So the only defensible way to build this software is to make verification easy, obvious, and unavoidable — rather than to ask you to trust a machine you have no way to audit.
How it is built
Retrieval over the published record, not recall from memory
The engine does not answer from a model's parameters. It searches a corpus of published material — court opinions, statutes, and the rules of civil procedure — retrieves the passages that match, and puts those passages in front of the model as the material to work from. The answer is grounded in text that exists, because the text is fetched before the answer is written.
Every authority resolves to a public source
Each citation the engine surfaces links to the public record — for federal case law, to the docket and opinion as published. If an authority cannot be resolved to a source, it does not get shown to you as an authority. A citation you cannot click is a citation you cannot check.
The verification gate
Before a document is finalized, the engine re-checks every citation in it against the record and flags anything that does not resolve. This is a floor, not a guarantee. It catches citations that do not exist. It does not and cannot tell you that a real case means what you hope it means — that is legal judgment, and it is exactly what we do not do.
What we ask of you, without apology
- Read the source before you rely on it. Every authority is one click from the record. Open it.
- Verify all citations independently before filing. Do not take ours, or any tool's, on faith.
- Check your judge's standing order on AI disclosure. A number of judges now require filers to disclose the use of generative AI, and the requirements differ from judge to judge and change often. This is on you to check for your court.
- If it matters, consult a licensed attorney. Software has a ceiling. Yours may be a case that needs a lawyer, and there is no shame in that being the answer.
What "inference" means here — and what it does not
Our name is a description of a method, not a claim of expertise. An inference is a conclusion drawn from premises: the facts, the authorities, a line of reasoning, a conclusion. The mark is a set of scales for the same reason — a judgment is only ever as good as what gets placed in the pans.
Applied to law, the premises are the facts you supply and the authorities the engine retrieves. The conclusion is the one you draw. We do not draw it for you, we do not tell you it is a good one, and we do not warrant that any document is valid, sufficient, or will be accepted by any court.
The honest limits
Software that is candid about what it cannot do is more useful than software that is confident about everything. So:
- Retrieval finds what is in the corpus. It does not know what is missing from it.
- A case that exists may be distinguishable, superseded, or from the wrong jurisdiction. Resolving a citation proves the case is real — nothing more.
- The plausibility standard is a judgment about your facts. We do not apply it to them.[3]
- Deadlines vary by court and are changed by orders in your case. The software tracks the rule; your docket is authoritative.
Sources
- Mata v. Avianca, Inc., 678 F. Supp. 3d 443 (S.D.N.Y. 2023) (Castel, J.). Docket and opinion.
- Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(a), (b). Rule 11. The block quotation above is our plain-language paraphrase, not the rule's text; read the rule.
- Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007); Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Twombly · Iqbal.